{"id":4127,"date":"2024-11-27T10:43:01","date_gmt":"2024-11-27T10:43:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alcideproject.eu\/is-there-now-a-political-window-to-integrate-defence-in-europe\/"},"modified":"2025-03-24T16:36:51","modified_gmt":"2025-03-24T16:36:51","slug":"is-there-now-a-political-window-to-integrate-defence-in-europe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alcideproject.eu\/fr\/is-there-now-a-political-window-to-integrate-defence-in-europe\/","title":{"rendered":"Existe-t-il actuellement une fen\u00eatre politique pour int\u00e9grer la d\u00e9fense en Europe ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Professor Catherine De Vries<\/strong> (Bocconi University)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le retour du pr\u00e9sident \u00ab America First \u00bb Donald Trump \u00e0 la Maison Blanche a troubl\u00e9 les Europ\u00e9ens. La panique provoqu\u00e9e par le retour de l\u2019isolationnisme am\u00e9ricain en dit peut-\u00eatre plus long sur l\u2019Europe que sur les \u00c9tats-Unis. Elle d\u00e9montre clairement que les Europ\u00e9ens, depuis des d\u00e9cennies, se sont rendus d\u00e9pendants d\u2019une puissance \u00e9trang\u00e8re pour leur propre s\u00e9curit\u00e9, d\u2019une mani\u00e8re \u00ab presque irresponsable \u00bb. Il ne s\u2019agit pas d\u2019un cas isol\u00e9, mais plut\u00f4t d\u2019une na\u00efvet\u00e9 dangereuse dans la pens\u00e9e europ\u00e9enne sur la mani\u00e8re de pr\u00e9server la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 du continent. L\u2019invasion russe de l\u2019Ukraine a montr\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on tr\u00e8s claire comment les pays europ\u00e9ens s\u2019\u00e9taient appuy\u00e9s sur une puissance \u00e9trang\u00e8re pour obtenir une \u00e9nergie bon march\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Depuis la premi\u00e8re victoire \u00e9lectorale de Trump en 2016, les politiciens europ\u00e9ens \u00e9voquent la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 pour l\u2019Europe de voler de ses propres ailes. En 2017, apr\u00e8s que Donald Trump a fait obstruction \u00e0 un sommet de l&rsquo;OTAN auquel il participait, la chanceli\u00e8re allemande de l\u2019\u00e9poque, Angela Merkel, a affich\u00e9 sa frustration : \u00ab Les temps o\u00f9 nous pouvions totalement nous reposer sur d\u2019autres sont en partie r\u00e9volus. Je l\u2019ai v\u00e9cu ces derniers jours. Nous, les Europ\u00e9ens, devons prendre en main notre propre destin. \u00bb Toutefois, au cours des sept\u00a0ann\u00e9es qui ont suivi, les responsables politiques europ\u00e9ens, y compris la chanceli\u00e8re allemande, n\u2019ont fait que tr\u00e8s peu pour rendre l\u2019Europe plus autosuffisante.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La seconde \u00e9lection de Trump survient \u00e0 un moment tr\u00e8s malheureux pour l&rsquo;Europe, qui s&rsquo;est beaucoup moins bien remise de la pand\u00e9mie que les \u00c9tats-Unis sur le plan \u00e9conomique. Si Trump revient et tient sa promesse de droits de douane, cela aura de graves cons\u00e9quences pour l\u2019Europe. La pr\u00e9sidente de la Banque centrale europ\u00e9enne, Christine Lagarde, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la semaine derni\u00e8re que des droits de douane plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s sur les marchandises europ\u00e9ennes pourraient conduire \u00e0 une guerre commerciale entre les \u00c9tats-Unis et l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne. Cela pourrait nuire davantage \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie europ\u00e9enne, a-t-elle averti. Si l\u2019Europe reste bloqu\u00e9e sur la voie d&rsquo;une productivit\u00e9 et d&rsquo;une croissance faibles, notre continent risque de plus en plus de devenir le terrain d&rsquo;influence d\u2019autres grandes puissances. Les r\u00e9cents rapports de l\u2019ancien pr\u00e9sident de la BCE, Mario Draghi, entre autres, sur la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne et le march\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur confirment cela. Dans le contexte des guerres en Ukraine et \u00e0 Gaza, et d\u2019un nouveau refroidissement des relations entre la Chine et les \u00c9tats-Unis, une Europe mieux \u00e9quip\u00e9e pour mieux assurer sa propre prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 et sa propre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 est essentielle.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il ne s\u2019agira pas n\u00e9cessairement de plans politiques\u00a0: il en existe de nombreux, comme le rapport Draghi, mais il s\u2019agira tout autant d&rsquo;une question de volont\u00e9 politique de la part des responsables politiques nationaux d\u2019agir de concert et de permettre \u00e0 l\u2019Europe d&rsquo;atteindre son plein potentiel afin de faire face \u00e0 ce moment difficile. Ces responsables politiques se tourneront vers leurs opinions publiques nationales, d\u2019o\u00f9 l\u2019importance de comprendre ce que pensent les citoyens. En collaboration Isabell Hofmann, je m\u00e8ne une enqu\u00eate aupr\u00e8s des citoyens europ\u00e9ens, intitul\u00e9e <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">eupinions<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, et nous avons examin\u00e9 comment les citoyens europ\u00e9ens \u00e9valuent le r\u00f4le de l\u2019Europe dans le monde et la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019une coop\u00e9ration au sein de l\u2019UE et de l\u2019OTAN.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nos r\u00e9sultats sugg\u00e8rent que, bien que les Europ\u00e9ens consid\u00e8rent toujours les \u00c9tats-Unis comme leur alli\u00e9 le plus pr\u00e9cieux et qu\u2019ils soutiennent l\u2019OTAN, huit ann\u00e9es d\u2019hyperpolarisation am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur du pays et de messages contradictoires \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger ont laiss\u00e9 des traces. Alors qu\u2019en 2017, seuls 25\u00a0% des Europ\u00e9ens estimaient qu\u2019il \u00e9tait temps pour l\u2019Europe de suivre sa propre voie, ils seront 63 % \u00e0 le penser en 2024. 73\u00a0% des Europ\u00e9ens souhaitent que l\u2019UE assume davantage de responsabilit\u00e9s sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale. 64\u00a0% des Europ\u00e9ens consid\u00e8rent l\u2019OTAN comme la pierre angulaire de leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les citoyens europ\u00e9ens semblent comprendre la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de renforcer la coop\u00e9ration en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et d\u2019affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res en Europe pour faire face aux d\u00e9fis g\u00e9opolitiques croissants. Le public europ\u00e9en appr\u00e9cie clairement les initiatives de coop\u00e9ration institutionnelle qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mises en place au cours du si\u00e8cle dernier, principalement dans le cadre de l\u2019OTAN. Il sera difficile de trouver simultan\u00e9ment un \u00e9quilibre entre les demandes de renforcement des capacit\u00e9s nationales et les partenariats avec d&rsquo;autres pays. C&rsquo;est aux nouveaux dirigeants europ\u00e9ens et am\u00e9ricains qu&rsquo;il incombe de guider les relations transatlantiques dans cette p\u00e9riode difficile. S&rsquo;ils \u00e9chouent, les cons\u00e9quences se feront sentir pendant des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations. Dans ce contexte, la Communaut\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne de d\u00e9fense se distingue comme un m\u00e9canisme central cl\u00e9 pour renforcer les capacit\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense de l\u2019Europe et maintenir un lien \u00e9troit avec l\u2019OTAN.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Professor Catherine De Vries (Bocconi University) Le retour du pr\u00e9sident [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4374,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[121,122],"tags":[125,126,127,128],"class_list":["post-4127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-fr","category-research-fr","tag-defence-fr","tag-edc-fr","tag-political-fr","tag-politics-fr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Existe-t-il actuellement une fen\u00eatre politique pour int\u00e9grer la d\u00e9fense en Europe ? 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